Method and system for single loop multilayer coding with subpicture partitioning

ABSTRACT

A versatile video coding (VVC) method includes obtaining a plurality of video sources; encoding the plurality of video sources into a bitstream including a plurality of independent layers corresponding to the plurality of video sources; generating signaling information on the plurality of independent layers and integrating the signaling information with the bitstream; and transferring the bitstream for decoding processing, wherein the signaling information is to be used in the decoding process to enable a single decoder instance to decode the plurality of independent layers similar to a single-layer bitstream. The signaling information includes at least a video parameter set (VPS), and the VPS includes a flag inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag equal to 1, which specifies that the bitstream contains independent layers and there is one and only one coded picture with a particular picture order count (POC) value in a same coded video sequence (CVS) among all layers.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 17/562,749 filed on Dec. 27, 2021, which in turn isa continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/026,310 filed on Sep. 21, 2020 (issued on Feb. 8, 2022 as U.S. patentSer. No. 11/245,899), which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisionalpatent application No. 62/903,869, filed on Sep. 22, 2019; U.S.provisional patent application No. 62/906,077, filed on Sep. 25, 2019;and U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/947,245, filed on Dec.12, 2019, content of all of which is incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY

This application relates to the field of versatile video codingtechnologies and, specifically, to a method and system for single loopmultilayer coding with subpicture partitioning.

BACKGROUND

Versatile Video Coding (VVC), also known as H.266, MPEG-I Part 3 andFuture Video Coding (FVC), is a developing video compression standard.In October 2015, the MPEG and VCEG formed the Joint Video ExplorationTeam (WET) to evaluate available compression technologies and study therequirements for a next-generation video compression standard. The VVCstandard is still developing, and new features and improvements stillneed to be added.

Under current coding standard, when a single layer bitstream ispartitioned into multiple subpictures, it is often difficult to handlebitstream merge and extractions of subpictures. Instead, if a layerrepresents a subpicture and multi-layers are contained into a bitstream,it is easy to handle subpicture merge and extraction. Then, the entireor partial picture can be composed by one or more layers at decoderside. However, multi-layered bitstreams usually need multi-DPB modelsand need multiple decoder instances. The disclosed methods and systemsare directed to solve one or more problems set forth above and otherproblems.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present disclosure includes a versatile video coding(VVC) method. The method includes obtaining a plurality of videosources; encoding the plurality of video sources into a bitstreamincluding a plurality of independent layers corresponding to theplurality of video sources; generating signaling information on theplurality of independent layers and integrating the signalinginformation with the bitstream; and transferring the bitstream fordecoding processing, wherein the signaling information is to be used inthe decoding process to enable a single decoder instance to decode theplurality of independent layers similar to a single-layer bitstream. Thesignaling information includes at least a video parameter set (VPS), andthe VPS includes: a parameter vps_max_layers_minus1 greater than 0,which specifies a number of the plurality of independent layers; a flagvps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to 1, which specifies that theplurality of independent layers specified by the VPS are independentlycoded; and a flag inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag equal to 1, which specifiesthat the bitstream contains independent layers and there is one and onlyone coded picture with a particular picture order count (POC) value in asame coded video sequence (CVS) among all layers, and indicates that aprofile-tier-level and hypothetical-reference-decoder (HRD) parametersapply collectively to the plurality of independent layers.

Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a versatile videocoding (VVC) method. The method includes obtaining a video bitstream ofa plurality of video sources. The video bitstream includes a pluralityof independent layers corresponding to the plurality of video sources,and signaling information on the plurality of independent layersintegrated with the bitstream. The method also includes decoding thevideo bitstream by using a single decoder instance to decode theplurality of independent layers similar to a single-layer bitstream,based on the signaling information, to generate decoded output videocontents integrating the plurality of video sources; and rendering thedecoded output video contents using the signaling information. Thesignaling information includes at least a video parameter set (VPS), andthe VPS includes: a parameter vps_max_layers_minus1 greater than 0,which specifies a number of the plurality of independent layers; a flagvps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to 1, which specifies that theplurality of independent layers specified by the VPS are independentlycoded; and a flag inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag equal to 1, which specifiesthat the bitstream contains independent layers and there is one and onlyone coded picture with a particular picture order count (POC) value in asame coded video sequence (CVS) among all layers, and indicates that aprofile-tier-level and hypothetical-reference-decoder (HRD) parametersapply collectively to the plurality of independent layers.

Other aspects of the present disclosure can be understood by thoseskilled in the art in light of the description, the claims, and thedrawings of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an operating environment incorporating certainembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a computer system consistent with embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a multiple-user video conference interface consistentwith embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary encoding and decoding process consistentwith embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary sequence structure with independentlycoded region layers consistent with embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of independently coded regions with alayer mapping information consistent with embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates 4-neighbour information of each layer ofindependently coded region layers consistent with embodiments of thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 8 illustrates exemplary subpictures for padded cubemap projectionconsistent with embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments ofthe present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughoutthe drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Apparently, thedescribed embodiments are merely some but not all the embodiments of thepresent invention. Other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in theart based on the embodiments of the present invention without creativeefforts shall fall within the protection scope of the presentdisclosure.

Certain acronyms and terms used in this disclosure are listed asfollows. Other acronyms and/or terms not listed may be found from a VVCstandard or other related documents.

-   -   CVS: coded video sequences    -   HRD: hypothetical reference decoder    -   NAL: network abstraction layer    -   POC: picture order count    -   PPS: picture parameter set    -   RBSP: raw byte sequence payload    -   RPL: reference picture list    -   RPS: reference picture set    -   SPS: sequence parameter set    -   VVC: versatile video coding    -   VCL: video coding layer    -   VPS: video parameter set    -   Bitstream: A sequence of bits, in the form of a NAL unit stream        or a byte stream, that forms the representation of coded        pictures and associated data forming one or more CVS.    -   VVC standard: A currently published version (e.g., JVET-R2001)        of the Specification of VVC, which is incorporated herein by        reference.    -   Chroma: An adjective, represented by the symbols Cb and Cr,        specifying that a sample array or single sample is representing        one of the two color difference signals related to the primary        colors.    -   Coded picture: A coded representation of a picture comprising        VCL NAL units with a particular value of nuh_layer_id within an        access unit and containing all CTUs of the picture.    -   Coding tree block (CTB): An N×N block of samples for some value        of N such that the division of a component into CTBs is a        partitioning.    -   Coding tree unit (CTU): A CTB of luma samples, two corresponding        CTBs of chroma samples of a picture that has three sample        arrays, or a CTB of samples of a monochrome picture or a picture        that is coded using three separate colour planes and syntax        structures used to code the samples.    -   Flag: A variable or single-bit syntax element that can take one        of the two possible values: 0 and 1.    -   Layer: A set of VCL NAL units that all have a particular value        of nuh_layer_id and the associated non-VCL NAL units.    -   Layer access unit: A set of NAL units for which the VCL NAL        units all have a particular value of nuh_layer_id, that are        associated with each other according to a specified        classification rule, that are consecutive in decoding order, and        that contain exactly one coded picture.    -   Level: A defined set of constraints on the values that may be        taken by the syntax elements and variables of this        Specification, or the value of a transform coefficient prior to        scaling.    -   Subpicture: An rectangular region of one or more slices within a        picture.    -   Supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message: A syntax        structure with specified semantics that conveys information that        is not needed by the decoding process in order to determine the        values of the samples in decoded pictures.    -   Syntax element: An element of data represented in the bitstream.    -   Syntax structure: Zero or more syntax elements present together        in the bitstream in a specified order.

FIG. 1 shows an operating environment 100 incorporating certainembodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1 , theoperating environment 100 may include a variety of devices with videofunctionalities. For example, the operating environment 100 may includea mobile device 102, a terminal device 104, and an electronic device106. Other types of devices may also be included.

The operating environment 100 may also include a server 120, one or moreusers 130, and a communication network 140 connecting the variety ofdevices and the server 120. The user(s) 130 may use, access, or controlone or more of the variety of devices.

The mobile device 102, the terminal device 104, and the electronicdevice 106 may be generally referred as a terminal device, which mayinclude any user terminal, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), amobile phone, a smart phone, an integrated messaging device (IMD), atablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, and othercomputing devices. The terminal device may also include any image orvideo capturing devices, such as a digital camera, a video camera, asecurity camera, a vehicle on-board camera, and a stereo camera, etc.,or any electronic device with a video function, such as a digitaldoorbell, an autonomous driving sensor, a digital voice assistant, asmart speaker, a smart appliance, or any industrial or commercial IoTsystems with video processing capability. Any of the mobile device 102,terminal device 104, and electronic device 106 may be stationary ormobile when carried by an individual who is moving, and may also belocated as a part or in a mode of transport including a car, a truck, ataxi, a bus, a train, a boat, an airplane, a bicycle, a motorcycle orany similar suitable mode of transport.

The network 140 may include any appropriate type of communicationnetwork and may comprise any combination of wired or wireless networksincluding, but not limited to a wireless cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (WLAN), a Bluetooth personal area network,an Ethernet local area network, a token ring local area network, a widearea network, and the Internet. The network 140 may also include privateor public cloud computing platform for voice/data communication. Whenthe Internet or other type of network is included, connectivity to theInternet may include long range wireless connections, short rangewireless connections, and various wired connections including telephonelines, cable lines, power lines, and similar communication pathways.

The server 120 may include any type of server computer system ormultiple computer systems configured in a server cluster or distributedin different locations. The server 120 may also include a cloud serveron a cloud computing platform. The server 120 may also be referred as aserver entity, which may be integrated with any appropriate device(including the electronic device) for performing the disclosedserver-side functionalities of video decoding and applicationprocessing.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary computer system implementing certainaspects of the variety of terminal devices 102, 104, and/or 106, and/orserver 120. As shown in FIG. 2 , the computer system 200 may include ahardware processor 202, a memory 204, a card reader 206, a display 208,a keyboard 210, a radio-frequency (RF) interface 212, a baseband 214, anantenna 216, an encoder 222, a decoder 224, a camera 226, a speaker 232,and a microphone 234, etc. The components shown in FIG. 2 areillustrative, certain components may be omitted, and other componentsmay be added.

The processor 202 may be provided for controlling the computer system200. The processor 202 may be connected to other components through oneor more bus or other electrical connections to send data to and receivedata from the other components. The processor 202 may include one ormore processing cores, for example, a 4-core processor or an 8-coreprocessor. The processor 202 may be implemented by using at least onehardware form of digital signal processing (DSP), a field-programmablegate array (FPGA), and a programmable logic array (PLA). The processor202 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The mainprocessor may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the coprocessormay be a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to be responsible forrendering and drawing content that a display screen needs to display. Insome embodiments, the processor 202 may further include an artificialintelligence (AI) processor. The AI processor is configured to process acomputing operation related to machine learning.

The memory 204 may include one or more computer-readable storage media,such as a high-speed random access memory and a nonvolatile memory, forexample, one or more disk storage devices or flash storage devices. Thememory 204 may store both data in the form of image and audio data andmay also store instructions for the processor 202. The card reader 206may include any type of portable card interface, such as a smart cardinterface, a communication card interface (e.g., near fieldcommunication (NFC) card), or a subscriber identifier module (SIM) cardor other card interface for providing user information and beingsuitable for providing authentication information for authentication andauthorization of the user 130.

Further, the display 208 may be any suitable display technology suitableto display an image or video. For example, the display 208 may include aliquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an organic light-emitting diode(OLED) screen, or the like, and may be a touch screen. The keyboard 210may include a physical or virtual keyboard to input information by theuser, and may also include other types of input/output devices. Thespeaker 232 and the microphone 234 may be used to input and output audiofor the computer system 200.

The RF interface 212 (together with the antenna 216) may include RFcircuitry for receiving and transmit RF signals. The RF interface 212may convert an electrical signal to an electromagnetic signal fortransmission or convert a received electromagnetic signal into anelectrical signal for receiving. The RF interface 212 may communicatewith other electronic devices through at least one wirelesscommunication protocol. The wireless communication protocol may includea metropolitan area network, mobile communications networks (2G, 3G, 4G,and 5G) of various generations, a wireless local area network (LAN),and/or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) network. In some embodiments, the RFinterface 212 may also include a circuit related to near fieldcommunication (NFC). The baseband 214 may include circuitry forprocessing the signals to and from the RF interface 212.

Further, the camera 226 may include any type of imaging or videocapturing device configured to collect an image or a video. When thecomputer system 200 is a portable device carried by the user, the camera226 may include a front-facing camera and a rear-facing camera. Thefront-facing camera may be disposed on the front panel of the electronicdevice, and the rear-facing camera is disposed on a rear surface of theelectronic device. In some embodiments, there are at least tworear-facing cameras, each being any one of a main camera, adepth-of-field camera, a wide-angle camera, and a telephoto camera, soas to implement a background blurring function by fusing the main camerawith the depth-of-field camera, and implement panoramic shooting andvirtual reality (VR) shooting functions or other fusing shootingfunctions by fusing the main camera with the wide-angle camera. In someembodiments, the camera 226 may further include a flash.

The encoder 222 and the decoder 224 may be referred as the codeccircuitry of the electronic device suitable for carrying out coding anddecoding of audio and/or video data or assisting in coding and decodingcarried out by the processor 202.

The computer system 200 as shown in FIG. 2 may also include additionalstructures to implement any particular system. For example, the computersystem 200 may include a database, and/or a land-line based networkcommunication interface when implementing the server 120, or may includestructures similar to those of a mobile terminal or user equipment of awireless communication system when implementing the mobile device 102,etc. However, the computer system 200 may include or omit any structureto implement any electronic device or apparatus which may requireencoding and decoding, or encoding or decoding video.

Returning to FIG. 1 , the computer system 200 (i.e., any one or more ofthe variety of devices 102, 104, and/or 106) may capture or collectvarious data (e.g., audio data, environment/operating data, image data,and/or video data) and send the data to the server 120 through thenetwork 140. The computer system 200 may process or pre-process the databefore sending the data to the server 120, or may send the unprocesseddata to the server 120.

During operation, a user of a terminal device may use a videoapplication to transmit and/or receive video content to and/or fromserver 120, or users of the various terminal devices may use variousvideo applications to communicate video content with each other. In oneembodiment, one user may communicate video content with another user viathe server 120, or the server 120 may set up the communication channelbetween the users, so that one user may direct communicate video withthe other user via the communication channel. FIG. 3 illustrates anexemplary multiple-user video conference application consistent with thedisclosed embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 3 , a multiple-user video conference interface for auser of a terminal device includes a video display 300, a display of afirst user 302, a display of a second user 304, and a display of a thirduser 306. Although FIG. 2 shows a total of three users in the videoconference, any number of users may be included.

The first user 302 may be in control of the video conference. Forexample, the first user 302 may be speaking to other users during thevideo conference. The second user 304 and the third user 306 may bepassive at the moment, such that the displays of the second user 304 andthe third user 306 may be at the side of the video display 300, whilethe display of the active first user 302 may be bigger and at a centerportion of the video display 300.

Further, because the video contents/sources for the first user 302, thesecond user 304, and the third user 306 may be independent, the videodisplay 300 may include multiple independent video content, includingits own video content. That is, the video display 300 may be implementedusing independent layers to display different regions or subpictures ofthe video display. For example, the server 120 may encode the variousvideo sources into different independent layers of a bitstream, togetherwith signaling information, and send the bitstream to the terminaldevice for decoding, rendering, and displaying.

After the terminal device receive the encoded video bitstream withdifferent independent layers, the terminal device may decode thebitstream and display the multiple user displays in a single videodisplay, i.e., integrating the video of the independent layers of thebitstream into a single display of a multiple-user video conferenceinterface. In one embodiment, after the terminal device receives thevideo content in a bitstream, the terminal device may use a singledecoder instance to decode the video content containing multipleindependent layers for independent coded regions. Such video decodingprocess may also be referred to as a single-layer VVC decoding processfor decoding multiple independent layers. The decoding is performed asif all NAL units resided in a single layer only.

More generally, FIG. 4 illustrates a video coding process (e.g., anencoding and/or decoding process) performed by a computer systems (e.g.,the processor, a VVC encoder, and/or a VVC decoder) consistent with thedisclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 4 , at the beginning of theprocess, a plurality of video sources may be obtained (S402).

For example, the computer system (e.g., server 120) may receive aplurality video sources from different devices or users, such as frommultiple user cameras or user terminals in a multiple-user videoconference application, or from multiple monitoring cameras in amonitoring or security video application, etc.

Further, the computer system may encode the plurality of video sourcesinto an encoded video bitstream with independent layers (S404).

The independent layers may include any types of independent layers, suchas “independent coded region” layers, and texture or depth layers, e.g.,for 3DoF+. Further, in one embodiment, the terminal device may alsodecode each independent layer with a separate decoder instance, and maybe backward compatible with previous VVC standards.

The encoding may be performed so that picture order count (POC) valuesdiffer across layers, i.e., at most one picture is present for a givenPOC value among all layers. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary sequencestructure with independently coded region layers. As shown in FIG. 5 ,the encoder (e.g., the encoder on the server 120) may encode a videocontent with a total of four (4) independently coded regions into fourindependent layers in the bitstream, using the POC value.

For example, the encoder may encode a portion of the first coded regioninto independent layer layer_id 0 and POC 0, a portion of the secondcoded region into independent layer layer_id 1 and POC 1, a portion ofthe third coded region into independent layer layer_id 2 and POC 2, anda portion of the fourth coded region into independent layer layer_id 3and POC 3. Further, the encoder may continue to encode another portionthe first coded region into independent layer layer_id 0 and POC 4,another portion of the second coded region into independent layerlayer_id 1 and POC 5, another portion of the third coded region intoindependent layer layer_id 2 and POC 6, and another portion of thefourth coded region into independent layer layer_id 3 and POC 3. Theencoder may continue such encoding process until all coded regions areencoded into the independent layers in the bitstream. Further, theencoder may also generate corresponding signaling information to be sentalong with the bitstream, such as reference picture list (RPL) signalinginformation, inter layer reference picture set (RPS) signalinginformation etc. For example, any prediction structure within anindependently coded region layer can be supported by the RPL signaling,based on the POC delta indication. The signaling information may beembedded in the bitstream or may be sent through an out-of-bandsignaling channel. Any appropriate format of signaling may be used.

One advantage of using such approach is that it enables signalling asingle profile-tile-level for decoding all the independent layers with asingle decoding process. For example, this enables indicating a singleprofile-tier-level, e.g., for a bitstream containing texture and depthcoded as independent layers.

Further, returning to FIG. 4 , the computer system may also generatesignaling information corresponding to the independent layers of theencoded bitstream (S406). That is, the computer system or the encoder ofthe computer system may provide sufficient information and/or processingmeans for the independent layers of the bitstream to be correctlydecoded and rendered.

Within the context of the VVC, the encoding side may introduce a VPSflag (inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag) to indicate that there is one and onlyone picture per each POC value among all independent layers and that theindependent layers can be decoded as if there were in the same layer.

Further, HRD parameters for the independent layers (i.e., collective HRDparameters) can be signalled for the bitstream that contains multipleindependent layers as follows.

(A) When inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag is equal to 1, the profile-tier-leveland the HRD parameters applying collectively to the independent layersare indicated as follows in the VPS: (i) a single profile-tier-levelsyntax structure that applies to the bitstream (as if there were only asingle layer); (ii) parameters max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1,max_num_reorder_pics, and max_latency_increase_plus1 that applycollectively to the bitstream (rather than per layer); and (iii)hrd_parameters( ) that apply to the bitstream.

(B) Independent layer set nesting SEI message is provided for carryingSEI messages that apply collectively to the independent layers of thebitstream. It can be used to carry buffering period and picture timingSEI messages that apply to the bitstream (rather than per layer).

Accordingly, it is possible to control by external means that the entirebitstream is decoded using a single decoder instance as if it were asingle-layer bitstream. Otherwise, the layer-wise operation of VVC canbe carried out using multiple decoder instances. Both a single decoderinstance and multiple decoder instances can be supported cross variousterminal devices.

Further, the signaling information may also include certain flags, videoparameters and settings based on the specific conditions andconfigurations. For example, the layout information of independentlycoded region layers can be signaled in the independently coded regionlayer SEI (supplemental enhancement information) message. Mappinginformation to connect each independently coded region to each layer mayalso be included in the SEI message. FIG. 6 shows an example ofindependently coded regions with a layer mapping information, and FIG. 7shows 4-neighbour information of each layer, top, right, bottom and leftwhich constitutes the layout information.

As shown in FIG. 6 , a video display includes four independently codedregions encoded into a bitstream with four independent coded regionlayers, a first coded region layer with layer_id 0, a second codedregion layer with layer_id 1, a third coded region layer with layer_id2, and a fourth coded region layer with layer_id 3. The signalinginformation may include the offset value (offset (x, y)) of the left-topposition and the coded region size (e.g., the height, width, etc.) ofeach layer.

As shown in FIG. 7 , additionally or alternatively, the layer mappinginformation (showing as black dots) may include the 4-neighbourinformation of each layer of the four independent layers A, B, C, and D,such as top, right, bottom and left which may comprise the layoutinformation.

With the signaling information shown in any of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , thegranularity of the picture size of a layer can be finer than that of thesubpicture in the subpicture partitioning approach as a single layer.

Returning to FIG. 4 , specifically, the following table 1 shows syntaxof corresponding video parameter set (VPS) (i.e., VPS syntax), and theseparameters are required to be available for decoding.

TABLE 1 VPS syntax Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  if(vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for(i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)  if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {   vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if(!vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )     vps_direct_dependency_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  }  if(vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   vps_output_layers_mode u(2)   if(vps_output_layers_mode = = 2 )    for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1;i++ )     vps_output_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)  } vps_constraint_info_present_flag u(1)  vps_reserved_zero_7bits u(7) if( vps_constraint_info_present_flag )   general_constraint_info( ) if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 &&  vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {  inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag u(1)   if( inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag ) {   inbl_hrd_param_present_flag u(1)    if( inbl_hrd_param_present_flag ){     inbl_num_units_in_tick u(32)     inbl_time_scale u(32)    }   inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1 u(3)    profile_tier_level(inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1 )    inbl_sub_layer_ordering_present_flagu(1)    for( j = ( inbl_sub_layer_ordering_present_flag ? 0 :inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1 );     j <= inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1; j++ ){     inbl_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[ j ] ue(v)    inbl_max_num_reorder_pics[ j ] ue(v)    inbl_max_latency_increase_plus1[ j ] ue(v)    }    if(inbl_hrd_param_present_flag )     hrd_parameters(inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1 )   }  }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if(vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )   vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

The parameter vps_video_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for theVPS for reference by other syntax elements. The value ofvps_video_parameter_set_id shall be greater than 0.

The parameter vps_max_layers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number oflayers specified by the VPS, which is the maximum allowed number oflayers in each CVS referring to the VPS.

The flag vps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to 1 specifies that alllayers specified by the VPS are independently coded without usinginter-layer prediction. vps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to 0specifies that one or more of the layers specified by the VPS may useinter-layer prediction. When not present, the value ofvps_all_independent_layers_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.

The parameters vps_layer_id[i] specifies the nuh_layer_id value of thei-th layer. For any two non-negative integer values of m and n, when mis less than n, the value of vps_layer_id[m] shall be less thanvps_layer_id[n].

The flags vps_independent_layer_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that thelayer with index i does not use inter-layer prediction.vps_independent_layer_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies that the layer withindex i may use inter-layer prediction and the syntax elementsvps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] for j in the range of 0 to i−1,inclusive, are present in VPS. When not present, the value ofvps_independent_layer_flag[i] is inferred to be equal to 1.

The flag vps_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that novps_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the VPS RB SPsyntax structure. vps_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies that there arevps_extension_data_flag syntax elements present in the VPS RBSP syntaxstructure.

The flag vps_extension_data_flag may have any value.

The flag inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag equal to 0 specifies that codedpictures at different layers may have the same PicOrderCnt value.ols_one_pic_per_poc_flag equal to 1 specifies that the bitstreamconsists of independent layers and there is one and only one codedpicture with a particular PicOrderCnt value in the same CVS among alllayers and the content of all the SPS RBSPs referencing this VPS RBSP isidentical except potentially for the content of the profile_tier_level(), general_hrd_parameters( ) and vui_parameters( ) syntax structurescontained in the SPS RBSPs.

The flag inbl_hrd_param_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that thesyntax elements inbl_num_units_in_tick, inbl_time_scale, and the syntaxstructure hrd_parameters( ) are present in the VPS RBSP syntaxstructure. inbl_hrd_param_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that thesyntax elements inbl_num_units_in_tick, inbl_time_scale, and the syntaxstructure hrd_parameters( ) applying to all independent layerscollectively are not present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.

The parameters inbl_num_units_in_tick and inbl_time_scale are specifiedidentically to num_units_in_tick and time_scale, respectively, and applyto the hrd_parameters( ) present in the VPS and to the buffering periodand picture timing SEI messages that are nested within independent layerset nesting SEI message.

The parameter inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1 specifies the maximum number oftemporal sub-layers that may be present.

The flag inbl_sub_layer_ordering_present_flag equal to 1 specifies thatinbl_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1 [j], inbl_max_num_reorder_pics[j], andinbl_max_latency_increase_plus[j] are present forinbl_max_sub_layers_minus1+1 sub-layers.inbl_sub_layer_ordering_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that thevalues of inbl_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1],inbl_max_num_reorder_pics[inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1], andinbl_max_latency_increase_plus1[inbl_max_sub_layers_minus1] apply to allsub-layers.

The parameters inbl_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[j],inbl_max_num_reorder_pics[j], and inbl_max_latency_increase_plus[j] arespecified identically to sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[j],sps_max_num_reorder_pics[j], and sps_max_latency_increase_plus1[j],respectively, for a bitstream where all the layers present.

Returning to FIG. 4 , after the encoded bitstream is generated (togetherwith the signaling information) (S406), the encoded bitstream may bestored and/or transferred for decoder-side processing (S408).

Further, after the computer system (e.g., a terminal device) obtains theencoded bitstream (together with the signaling information) (S410), thecomputer system or the decoder of the computer system may decode thebitstream using the signaling information to generate decoded videocontents (S412).

For example, for the decoding side, in addition to the general decodingprocess required by the current VVC standard, for each CVS in thebitstream, the variable TargetLayerId, which identifies the target layerto be decoded, and the variable HighestTid, which identifies the highesttemporal sub-layer to be decoded, are specified as follows:

-   -   If some external means is available to set TargetLayerIdList,        TargetLayerIdList is set by the external means.    -   Otherwise, if vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 1 and        some external means is available to indicate that the entire        bitstream containing all layers is decoded,        DecodeAllLayersAsSingleLayerFlag is set equal to 1.    -   Otherwise, if vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 1,        TargetLayerIdList is set to contain only vps_layer_id[0].    -   Otherwise, TargetLayerIdList is set to contain vps_layer_id[i]        for i in the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive.    -   If some external means is available to set HighestTid,        HighestTid is set by the external means.    -   Otherwise, HighestTid is set equal to sps_max_sub_layers_minus1.        . . .        If TargetLayerIdList is provided by external means or inferred,        the following applies:    -   for each CVS in the bitstream, the sub-bitstream extraction        process as specified in clause 10 is applied with the CVS,        TargetLayerIdList, and HighestTid as inputs, and the output is        assigned to a bitstream referred to as CvsToDecode.    -   After that, the instances of CvsToDecode of all the CVSs are        concatenated, in decoding order, and the result is assigned to        the bitstream BitstreamToDecode.    -   The decoding process (see VVC standard Clause 8.1.2) is        repeatedly invoked for each coded picture in BitstreamToDecode        in decoding order.        Otherwise (DecodeAllLayersAsSingleLayerFlag is equal to 1), the        following applies:    -   It is a requirement for bitstream conformance that        inbl_one_pic_per_poc_flag is equal to 1.    -   Separate instances of variables starting with an upper case        letter are derived and kept for each layer. The decoding process        (see VVC standard Clause 8.1.2) is repeatedly invoked for each        coded picture in the bitstream in decoding order. The upper case        variables pertaining to the nuh_layer_id of the coded picture        provided as input to the decoding process are used in the        decoding process.

Returning to FIG. 4 , after decoding the video bitstream (S412), thecomputer system may render the decoded video contents based on thedecoded video bitstream and the signaling information (S414).

For example, at the decoder side, when an independently coded regionlayer SEI message is present in the bitstream, the layout informationsignalled in the SEI message may be used in the rendering process forcomposition. The composed picture for displaying is constructed bymerging one or more output pictures of the independently coded regionlayers.

That is, for the decoding process for a coded picture, an independentlycoded region layer SEI message may be used. The independently codedregion layer SEI message may provide the location and size informationof a independently coded region covered by a layer. When theindependently coded region layer SEI message is present, each region ina picture is independently coded in a layer, and the location and sizeinformation of a region corresponding to a layer is used for compositionof a composed output picture. The composed output picture can beconstructed by merging one or more output pictures of the independentlycoded region layers. Specifically, the table 2 below shows independentlycoded region layer SEI message syntax.

TABLE 2 Independently coded region layer SEI message syntax DescriptorIindependent_coded_region_layer_info( payloadSize ) {  composed_pic_width_in_luma_samples ue(v)  composed_pic_height_in_luma_samples ue(v)  num_independent_regions_in_pic_minus1 ue(v)   layer_id_present_flagu(1)   for( i = 0; i <=   num_independent_regions_in_pic_minus1; i++) {  if( layer_id_present_flag )    region_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 ){    layer_region_offset_x_in_luma_samples[ i ] ue(v)   layer_region_offset_y_in_luma_samples[ i ] ue(v)   }  layer_region_width_in_luma_samples[ i ] ue(v)  layer_region_height_in_luma_samples[ i ] ue(v)  } }

The parameters composed_pic_width_in_luma_samples specifies the width ofa picture composed by one or more independently coded regions in unitsof luma samples. composed_pic_width_in_luma_samples shall not be equalto 0 and shall be an integer multiple of MinCbSizeY.

The parameters composed_pic_height_in_luma_samples specifies the heightof a picture composed by one or more independently coded regions inunits of luma samples. composed_pic_height_in_luma_samples shall not beequal to 0 and shall be an integer multiple of MinCbSizeY.

The parameter num_independent_regions_in_pic_minus1 plus 1 specifies thenumber of independently coded regions in a picture. The value ofnum_independent_regions_in_pic_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 125,inclusive.

The flag layer_id_present_flag equal to 1 specifies thatregion_layer_id[i] is present in this SEI message. layer_id_present_flagequal to 0 specifies that region_layer_id[i] is not present in this SEImessage.

The parameters region_layer_id[i] specifies the value of NuhLayerIdcorresponding to the i-th independently coded region. One or more NALunits with nuh_layer_id equal to region_layer_id[i] shall be present inthe CVS associated with this SEI message. When not present, the value ofregion_layer_id[i] is inferred to be equal to i.

The parameters layer_region_offset_x_in_luma_samples[i] specifies thehorizontal offset, in units of luma samples, of the top-left corner lumasample of the i-th independently coded region relative to the top-leftcorner luma sample of the composed picture. When not present, the valueof layer_region_offset_x_in_luma_samples[i] is inferred to be equal to0. layer_region_offset_x_in_luma_samples[i] shall be an integer multipleof MinCbSizeY.

The parameters layer_region_offset_y_in_luma_samples[i] specifies thevertical offset, in units of luma samples, of the top-left corner lumasample of the i-th independently coded region relative to the top-leftcorner luma sample of the composed picture. When not present, the valueof layer_region_offset_y_in_luma_samples[i] is inferred to be equal to0. layer_region_offset_y_in_luma_samples[i] shall be an integer multipleof MinCbSizeY.

The parameter layer_region_width_in_luma_samples[i] specifies the widthof the i-th independently coded region in units of luma samples. Thevalue of layer_region_width_in_luma_samples[i] shall be equal to thevalue of PicOutputWidthL of the layer with nuh_layer_id equal toregion_layer_id[i].

The parameter layer_region_height_in_luma_samples[i] specifies theheight of the i-th independently coded region in units of luma samples.The value of layer_region_height_in_luma_samples[i] shall be equal tothe value of PicOutputHeightL of the layer with nuh_layer_id equal toregion_layer_id[i].

Further, the table 3 below indicates the persistence scope of SEImessages.

TABLE 3 Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) SEI messagePersistence scope Independently coded The access unit containing the SEIregion layer message and up to but not including the next access unit,in decoding order, that contains an SEI message of the same type orstarts a new CVS.

In certain embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the table 4 belowshows another independently coded region layer SEI message syntax.

TABLE 4 Independently coded region layer SEI message syntax Descriptorindependent_coded_region_layer_info( payloadSize ) { boundary_identifier_length_minus1 ue(v)  boundary_identifier_north u(v) boundary_identifier_east u(v)  boundary_identifier_south u(v) boundary_identifier_west u(v) }

The parameter boundary_identifier_length_minus1 plus 1 specifies thenumber of bits used to represent the syntax elementsboundary_identifier_north[i], boundary_identifier_east[i],boundary_identifier_south[i] and boundary_identifier_west[i]. The valueof boundary_id_length_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 15,inclusive.

The parameters boundary_identifier_north[i],boundary_identifier_east[i], boundary_identifier_south[i],boundary_identifier_west[i] specifies the identifier respectively at thenorth, east, south and west boundary of the decoded picture of the i-thlayer within the output picture. The length of theboundary_identifier_north[i], boundary_identifier_east[i],boundary_identifier_south[i], and boundary_identifier_west[i] syntaxelements is boundary_id_length_minus1+1 bits.

When the values of the pair boundary_identifier_north[i] andboundary_identifier_south[j] or the values of the pairboundary_identifier_east[i] and boundary_identifier_west[j] are equalthe decoded picture of the i-th layer and the decoded picture of thej-th layer are adjacent in the output picture and they share a commonboundary respectively at the boundary north/south and east/west. Twodecoded pictures adjacent by the north/south boundary are aligned ontheir west boundary in the output picture. Two decoded pictures adjacentby the east/west boundary are aligned on their north boundary in theoutput picture.

Further, the table 5 below indicates the persistence scope of SEImessages.

TABLE 5 Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) SEI messagePersistence scope Independently coded The access unit containing the SEIregion layer message and up to but not including the next access unit,in decoding order, that contains an SEI message of the same type orstarts a new CVS.

Further, for the decoding process for a coded picture, an independentlayer set nesting SEI message may be used. The independent layer setnesting SEI message may provide a mechanism to associate SEI messagesapplying collectively to all independent layers of the bitstream. Anindependent layer set nesting SEI message contains one or more SEImessages. The table 6 below shows independent layer set nesting SEImessage syntax.

TABLE 6 Independent layer set nesting SEI message syntax Descriptorinbl_nesting( payloadSize ) {  while( !byte_aligned( ) )  nesting_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  do   sei_message( )  while(more_rbsp_data( ) ) }

The parameter nesting_zero_bit equal to 0 specifies that nesting SEImessage is not present, the non-zero of the nesting_zero_bit specifiesthe nesting SEI messages.

Further, the table 7 below indicates the persistence scope of nestingSEI messages.

TABLE 7 Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) SEI messagePersistence scope Independent layer set Depending on the nested SEInesting SEI messages. Each nested SEI message has the same persistencescope as if the SEI message was not nested.

In certain embodiments, a subpicture-level conformance window may alsobe included in the signalling information of the video bitstream for theencoder and/or decoder to improve subpicture processing. Based on suchinformation and processing, multiple subpictures can be decoded as apicture and the subpictures can be outputted by cropping padded regions.Or, one of subpictures can be extracted as a sub-bitstream and decodedas a picture. The decoded picture may be outputted after cropping itspadded regions, with the subpicture level conformance window signaling.

Within the context of VVC standard, the conformance window parametersare present in picture parameter set (PPS). The conformance windowparameters specify the output picture size and the location. Perpicture, one parameter set (conf_win_left_offset, conf_win_right_offset,conf_win_top_offset, and conf_win_bottom_offset) specify a rectangularregion specified in picture coordinates for output. However, onlyspecifying a rectangular region may not deal with multiple subpicturesfor various use cases, such as in a cubemap projection.

For example, a 360 video can be projected with a cubemap projection.FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary subpicture conformance window for paddedcubemap projection consistent with the disclosed embodiments. Six facesmay rearranged onto a picture with padded regions to alleviate theboundary discontinuity. As shown in FIG. 8 , the video picture 800includes six subpictures 802, subpic 0, subpic 1, subpic 2, subpic 3,subpic 4, and subpic 5, and padded regions 804.

That is, the picture can be partitioned into six subpictures, so thateach subpicture contains each face with padded regions. There may be twoscenario with this coded picture at decoder side. First, all six facescan be decoded as a picture and six subpictures can be outputted bycropping padded regions. Second, one of six subpictures can be extractedas a sub-bitstream and the subpicture in the extracted bitstream can bedecoded as a picture. The decoded picture may be outputted aftercropping its padded regions. In both scenarios, signaling eachconformance window per subpicture may be provided. In one embodiments,it is to signal a conformance window parameter set(subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i], conf_win_right_offset[i],conf_win_top_offset[i], and conf_win_bottom_offset[i]) per subpicture inPPS, when the subpicture partition is used in the CVS. Specifically, thetable 8 below shows conformance window parameters SEI message syntax.

TABLE 8 conformance window parameters syntax Descriptorpic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  pps_pic_parameter_set_id ue(v) pps_seq_parameter_set_id ue(v)  pic_width_in_luma_samples ue(v) pic_height_in_luma_samples ue(v)  conformance_window_flag u(1)  if(conformance_window_flag ) {   conf_win_left_offset ue(v)  conf_win_right_offset ue(v)   conf_win_top_offset ue(v)  conf_win_bottom_offset ue(v)   subpic_conformance_window_flag u(1)  if( subpic_conformance_window_flag ) {    for( i = 0; i <=max_subpics_minus1; i++ ) {     subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[ i ] u(v)    subpic_conf_win_left_offset[ i ] ue(v)    subpic_conf_win_right_offset[ i ] ue(v)    subpic_conf_win_top_offset[ i ] ue(v)    subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[ i ] ue(v)    }   }  } output_flag_present_flag u(1)  single_tile_in_pic_flag u(1)

The parameter pps_pic_parameter_set_id identifies the PPS for referenceby other syntax elements. PPS NAL units, regardless of the nuh_layer_idvalues, share the same value space of pps_pic_parameter_set_id.

The parameter pps_seq_parameter_set_id specifies the value ofsps_seq_parameter_set_id for the SPS. The value ofpps_seq_parameter_set_id shall be in the range of 0 to 15, inclusive.The value of pps_seq_parameter_set_id shall be the same in all PPSs thatare referred to by coded pictures in a CLVS.

The parameters pps_pic_width_in_luma_samples specifies the width of eachdecoded picture referring to the PPS in units of luma samples.pps_pic_width_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to 0, shall be aninteger multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY), and shall be less than or equalto sps_pic_width_max_in_luma_samples.

The parameters pps_pic_height_in_luma_samples specifies the height ofeach decoded picture referring to the PPS in units of luma samples.pps_pic_height_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to 0 and shall be aninteger multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY), and shall be less than or equalto sps_pic_height_max_in_luma_samples.

The flag subpic_conformance_window_flag equal to 1 indicates that thesubpicture conformance cropping window offset parameters follow next inthe PPS. conformance_window_flag equal to 0 indicates that thesubpicture conformance cropping window offset parameters are notpresent. It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that, when thevalue of subpics_present_flag is equal to 0, the value ofsubpic_conformance_window_flag shall be equal to 0.

The parameters subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i] specifies the subpictureindex of the i-th subpicture conformance window. The length ofsubpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i] is Ceil(Log 2(max_subpics_minus1+1)) bits.

The parameters subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i],subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i], subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i], andsubpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i] specify the samples of the subpicturewith the subpicture index equal to subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i] in thepicture referring to this PPS that are output from the decoding process,in terms of a rectangular region specified in picture coordinates foroutput. When subpic_conformance_window_flag is equal to 0, the values ofsubpic_conf_win_left_offset[i], subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i],subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i], and subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i] areinferred to be equal to 0.

The conformance cropping window of the subpicture with the subpictureindex equal to subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i] contains the luma sampleswith horizontal picture coordinates fromSubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx]+SubWidthC*subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i] toSubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]−(SubWidthC*subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i]+1)and vertical picture coordinates fromSubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]+SubHeightC*subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i] toSubPicBotPos[SubPicIdx]−(SubHeightC*subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i]+1),inclusive.

The variables SubPicLeftPos, SubPicTopBoundaryPos,SubPicRightBoundaryPos, and SubPicBotBoundaryPos are derived as follows:

-   -   SubPicIdx=subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i]    -   SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx]=    -   SubPicLeft[SubPicIdx]*(subpic_grid_col_width_minus1+1)*4    -   SubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]=    -   (SubPicLeft[SubPicIdx]+SubPicWidth[SubPicIdx])*    -   (subpic_grid_col_width_minus1+1)*4    -   SubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]=    -   SubPicTop[SubPicIdx]*(subpic_grid_row_height_minus1+1)*4    -   SubPicBotPos[SubPicIdx]=    -   (SubPicTop[SubPicIdx]+SubPicHeight[SubPicIdx])*    -   (subpic_grid_row_height_minus1+1)*4

The value ofSubWidthC*(subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i])shall be less than (SubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]-SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx]),and the value ofSubHeightC*(subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i]shall be less than (SubPicBottomPos[SubPicIdx]−SubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]).

The variables SubPicOutputWidthL[i] and SubPicOutputHeightL[i] arederived as follows:

-   -   SubPicOutputWidthL[i]=(SubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]−    -   SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx])−SubWidthC*(subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i])    -   SubPicOutputHeightL[i]=(SubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]−SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx])−    -   SubHeightC*(subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i])

It should be noted that the subpicture conformance cropping windowoffset parameters may be only applied at the subpicture output. Allinternal decoding processes may be applied to the uncropped picturesize.

In certain embodiments, a subpicture-level output window may also beincluded in the signalling information of the video bitstream for theencoder and/or decoder to improve subpicture processing. For example,with respect to the example shown in FIG. 8 , the subpicture-leveloutput window may be signaled in an SEI message. Specifically, the table9 below shows subpicture-level output window SEI message syntax.

TABLE 9 Subpicture-level output window SEI message syntax Descriptorsub_pic_output_window( payloadSize ) {  pic_width_in_luma_samples ue(v) pic_height_in_luma_samples ue(v)  num_subpics_minus1 ue(v) subpic_id_len_minus1 ue(v)  for( i = 0; i <= num_subpics_minus1; i++ ){   subpic_id[ i ] u(v)   subpic_output_flag[ i ] u(1)  subpic_output_window_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( subpic_output_window_flag[ i] ) {    subpic_conf_win_left_offset[ i ] ue(v)   subpic_conf_win_right_offset[ i ] ue(v)   subpic_conf_win_top_offset[ i ] ue(v)   subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[ i ] ue(v)   }  } }

The parameter pic_width_in_luma_samples specifies the width of eachdecoded picture of the PU containing this SEI message in units of lumasamples. pic_width_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to 0, shall be aninteger multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY), and shall be less than or equalto pic_width_max_in_luma_samples.

The parameter pic_height_in_luma_samples specifies the height of eachdecoded picture of the PU containing this SEI message in units of lumasamples. pic_height_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to 0 and shall bean integer multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY), and shall be less than orequal to pic_height_max_in_luma_samples.

The parameter num_subpics_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number ofsubpictures of the PU containing this SEI message.

The parameter subpic_id_len_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of bitsused to represent the syntax element subpic_id[i]. The value ofsubpic_id_len_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 15, inclusive

The parameters e subpic_id[i] specifies the subpicture ID of the i-thsubpicture. The length of the subpic_id[i] syntax element issubpic_id_len_minus1+1 bits.

The flag subpic_output_flag [i] equal to 1 specifies that the i-thsubpicture is outputted. subpic_output_flag [i] equal to 0 specifiesthat the i-th subpicture is not outputted.

The flag subpic_output_window_flag [i] equal to 1 indicates that thesubpicture Output cropping window offset parameters follow next in theSEI message. Output_window_flag equal to 0 indicates that the subpictureOutput cropping window offset parameters are not present. It is arequirement of bitstream Output that, when the value ofsubpics_present_flag is equal to 0, the value ofsubpic_Output_window_flag shall be equal to 0.

The parameters subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i],subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i], subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i], andsubpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i] specify the samples of the subpicturewith the subpicture index equal to subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i] in thepicture containing this SEI message that are output from the decodingprocess, in terms of a rectangular region specified in picturecoordinates for output. When subpic_Output_window_flag is equal to 0,the values of subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i],subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i], subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i], andsubpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i] are inferred to be equal to 0.

The output cropping window of the subpicture with the subpicture indexequal to subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i] contains the luma samples withhorizontal picture coordinates fromSubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx]+SubWidthC*subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i] toSubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]−(SubWidthC*subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i]+1)and vertical picture coordinates fromSubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]+SubHeightC*subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i] toSubPicBotPos[SubPicIdx]−(SubHeightC*subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i]+1),inclusive.

The variables SubPicLeftPos, SubPicTopBoundaryPos,SubPicRightBoundaryPos, and SubPicBotBoundaryPos are derived as follows:

-   -   SubPicIdx=subpic_grid_idx_conf_win[i]    -   SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx]=SubPicLeft[SubPicIdx]*(subpic_grid_col_width_minus1+1)*4    -   SubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]=(SubPicLeft[SubPicIdx]+SubPicWidth[SubPicIdx])*(subpic_grid_col_width_minus1+1)*4    -   SubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]=SubPicTop[SubPicIdx]*(subpic_grid_row_height_minus1+1)*4    -   SubPicBotPos[SubPicIdx]=(SubPicTop[SubPicIdx]+SubPicHeight[SubPicIdx])*(subpic_grid_row_height_minus1+1)*4

The value ofSubWidthC*(subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i])shall be less than (SubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]-SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx]),and the value ofSubHeightC*(subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i]shall be less than (SubPicBottomPos[SubPicIdx]-SubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]).

The variables SubPicOutputWidthL[i] and SubPicOutputHeightL[i] arederived as follows:

-   -   SubPicOutputWidthL[i]=(SubPicRightPos[SubPicIdx]−    -   SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx])−SubWidthC*(subpic_conf_win_right_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_left_offset[i])    -   SubPicOutputHeightL[i]=(SubPicTopPos[SubPicIdx]−SubPicLeftPos[SubPicIdx])−SubHeightC*(subpic_conf_win_bottom_offset[i]+subpic_conf_win_top_offset[i])

It should be noted that the subpicture output cropping window offsetparameters are only applied at the subpicture output. All internaldecoding processes are applied to the uncropped picture size. Further,the table 10 below indicates the persistence scope of nesting SEImessages.

TABLE 10 Persistence scope of SEI messages (informative) SEI messagePersistence scope Subpicture output window The PU containing the SEImessage

Returning to FIG. 4 , after the computer system renders the decodedvideo contents based on the decoded video bitstream and the signalinginformation (S414), the computer system may present the rendered videocontents to a user of the computer system (S416). The computer systemmay also present the rendered video contents to other programs orapplications for further processing, such as image analysis or patterndetection, etc.

By using the disclosed methods and systems, it enables using of a singledecoder instance and the single-layer VVC decoding process for decodingmultiple independent layers, while it is still possible to decode eachindependent layer with a separate decoder instance. Further,subpicture-level processing and signaling is significantly improved.

Although the principles and implementations of the present disclosureare described by using specific embodiments in the specification, theforegoing descriptions of the embodiments are only intended to helpunderstand the method and core idea of the method of the presentdisclosure. Meanwhile, a person of ordinary skill in the art may makemodifications to the specific implementations and application rangeaccording to the idea of the present disclosure. Thus, the content ofthe specification should not be construed as a limitation to the presentdisclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A video processing method, comprising: obtaininga bitstream and signaling information, the bitstream including aplurality of independent layers corresponding to a plurality of videosources, wherein the signaling information includes one or more of: afirst parameter, indicating a number of layers in the plurality ofindependent layers; a second parameter, indicating that layers in theplurality of independent layers are independently coded; and a thirdparameter, indicating that one or both of a profile-tier-level andhypothetical-reference-decoder (HRD) parameters apply to the pluralityof independent layers; and decoding the bitstream according to thesignaling information.
 2. The video processing method of claim 1,wherein the plurality of independent layers includes a first independentlayer and a second independent layer, the first independent layerincludes a first layer ID, the second independent layer includes asecond layer ID different than the first layer ID.
 3. The videoprocessing method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of independentlayers includes a first independent layer and a second independentlayer, the first independent layer includes a first POC (picture ordercount) value, the second independent layer includes a second POC valuedifferent than the first POC value.
 4. The video processing method ofclaim 1, wherein the plurality of independent layers includes a firstindependent layer, a second independent layer, and a third independentlayer, the first independent layer includes a first layer ID and a firstPOC (picture order count) value, the second independent layer includes asecond layer ID different than the first layer ID and a second POC valuedifferent than the first POC value, the third independent layer includesa third layer ID same as the first layer ID and a third POC valuedifferent than the first POC value or the second POC value.
 5. The videoprocessing method of claim 1, wherein the signaling information furtherincludes: an offset value (x, y) of a left-top position of at least oneof the first and the second independent layer; or a height or a width ofthe at least one of the first and the second independent layer.
 6. Thevideo processing method of claim 1, wherein the signaling informationfurther includes top, right, bottom, and left 4-neighbor information ofat least one of the first and the second independent layers.
 7. Thevideo processing method of claim 1, wherein the signaling informationfurther includes a parameter, indicating that there is one and only onepicture per each POC value along all layers in the plurality ofindependent layers.
 8. The video processing method of claim 1, whereinthe plurality of video sources includes a first coded region and asecond coded region, and wherein the signaling information furtherincludes mapping information to connect the first coded region to thefirst independent layer and to connect the second coded region to thesecond independent layer.
 9. A video processing method, comprising:encoding a plurality of video sources into a bitstream of a plurality ofindependent layers corresponding to the plurality of video sources; andgenerating signaling information on the plurality of independent layers,wherein the signaling information includes one or more of: a firstparameter, indicating a number of layers in the plurality of independentlayers; a second parameter, indicating that layers in the plurality ofindependent layers are independently coded; and a third parameter,indicating that one or both of a profile-tier-level andhypothetical-reference-decoder (HRD) parameters apply to the pluralityof independent layers.
 10. The video processing method of claim 9,wherein the plurality of video sources includes a first coded region anda second coded region, and wherein the signaling information furtherincludes mapping information to connect the first coded region to thefirst independent layer and to connect the second coded region to thesecond independent layer.
 11. The video processing method of claim 9,further comprising: transmitting the bitstream and the signalinginformation to a decoder for decoding.
 12. The video processing methodof claim 9, wherein the plurality of independent layers includes a firstindependent layer and a second independent layer, the first independentlayer includes a first layer ID, the second independent layer includes asecond layer ID different than the first layer ID.
 13. The videoprocessing method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of independentlayers includes a first independent layer and a second independentlayer, the first independent layer includes a first POC (picture ordercount) value, the second independent layer includes a second POC valuedifferent than the first POC value.
 14. The video processing method ofclaim 9, wherein the plurality of independent layers includes a firstindependent layer, a second independent layer, and a third independentlayer, the first independent layer includes a first layer ID and a firstPOC (picture order count) value, the second independent layer includes asecond layer ID different than the first layer ID and a second POC valuedifferent than the first POC value, the third independent layer includesa third layer ID same as the first layer ID and a third POC valuedifferent than the first POC value or the second POC value.
 15. Thevideo processing method of claim 9, wherein the signaling informationfurther includes: an offset value (x, y) of a left-top position of atleast one of the first and the second independent layer; or a height ora width of the at least one of the first and the second independentlayer.
 16. The video processing method of claim 9, wherein the signalinginformation further includes top, right, bottom, and left 4-neighborinformation of at least one of the first and the second independentlayers.
 17. The video processing method of claim 9, wherein thesignaling information further includes a parameter, indicating thatthere is one and only one picture per each POC value along all layers inthe plurality of independent layers.
 18. A video processing apparatus,comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory andconfigured to perform: obtaining a bitstream and signaling information,the bitstream including a plurality of independent layers correspondingto a plurality of video sources, wherein the signaling informationincludes one or more of: a first parameter, indicating a number oflayers in the plurality of independent layers; a second parameter,indicating that layers in the plurality of independent layers areindependently coded; and a third parameter, indicating that one or bothof a profile-tier-level and hypothetical-reference-decoder (HRD)parameters apply to the plurality of independent layers; and decodingthe bitstream according to the signaling information.
 19. The videoprocessing apparatus of claim 18, wherein the plurality of independentlayers includes a first independent layer and a second independentlayer, the first independent layer includes a first layer ID, the secondindependent layer includes a second layer ID different than the firstlayer ID.
 20. The video processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein theplurality of independent layers includes a first independent layer and asecond independent layer, the first independent layer includes a firstPOC (picture order count) value, the second independent layer includes asecond POC value different than the first POC value.